The+Renaissance

__**Elizabethan Age**__
 * **1500-1660 ** |||| The Renaissance ||
 * || 1558-1603 || Elizabethan Age ||
 * || 1603-1625 || Jacobean Age ||
 * || 1625-1649 || Caroline Age ||
 * || 1649-1669 || Commonwealth Period ||

Description of the Time Period:

The Elizabethan poetry period lasted from the sixteenth century and shortly after. It appeared in England during a period roughly contemporaneous with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Previous to this, the genius of Chaucer (1343-1400) had established English as a new language of literature and was a primary influence on poets of the Fifteenth Century. With the English renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, the language had moved much closer to its modern form, Chaucer came to be regarded as the English Homer, and a new flowering of poetry took place. These poets adopted sonnet forms from Italy and wrote enormous numbers of love poems, but they also tried new meters and entertained other subjects, such as the passage of time, the effect of imprisonment, views on the happy life, the kingdom of the mind, old age, advice to a son, true joy, and tributes to the dead. Some of the most famous poets are Wyatt, Surrey, Dyer, Sidney, Marlowe, Raleigh, Shakespeare, Campion, Wooton, and Hoskins.

Poem from the Time Period: media type="youtube" key="fhl5bfHo-Ro" height="315" width="420" Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day? By William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May; And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or Nature's changing course, untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ownest, Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to Time thou growest. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. media type="youtube" key="FnMDj1K0gks?version=3" height="360" width="640" Critical Article:

With its comfortable vocabulary, its pleasing and comprehensible imagery, and its famous opening line, "Sonnet 18" is clearly one of the favorites in ** Shakespeare **'s sequence. The reason it has been quoted, anthologized, and written about so often seems to be its simple appeal—though critics such as David Weiser have described this simplicity as "more apparent than real", and an inhibitor to the examination of which it is worthy. In //Mind in Character: ** Shakespeare **'s Speakers in the Sonnets,// Weiser goes on to perform a close reading, paying close attention to its structure. Whether or not Weiser is correct in assuming that the poem's straightforwardness has inhibited textual interpretations, much of the criticism on "Sonnet 18" is indeed more concerned with history, placement, and influence than the sonnet itself. Hallett Smith, for example, sees much significance in its position at the head of a new sonnet grouping; in //The Tension of the Lyre: Poetry in ** Shakespeare **'s Sonnets//, he establishes series within the sonnet sequence and then compares "Sonnet 18" to poems he finds similar. In //The Fickle Glass: A Study of ** Shakespeare **'s Sonnets//, Paul Ramsey discusses "Sonnet 18"'s place in the lyrical sonnet tradition, illustrating what ** Shakespeare ** may have borrowed and what he may have created anew.

"Explanation of: 'Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?' by William Shakespeare." //LitFinder Contemporary Collection//. Detroit: Gale, 2007. //LitFinder//. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. Document URL []

Essay:

Sources:

Introduction Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" //Selection from the Great English Poets//. Sherwin Cody. A. C. McClurg & Company, 1905. 9. //LitFinder//. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. []

"The Elizabethan Period - A History of English Literature." //Books & Literature Classics//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .

"Poetry through the Ages." //Movements : Poetry through the Ages//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. [].

=__Jacobean Age__= Manon Magill

Summary of the Era:

During the Renaissance Period, the Elizabethan Age faded into the Jacobean Age with the passing of Queen Elizabeth and the rise of King James I to the throne. The Jacobean Age fell in the time of great religious dispute in Europe with the eruption of the with the Gunpowder Plot, an assassination attempt on the Protestant King by English Catholics, and the Thirty Years’ War. In addition, British colonists established settlements in North America. Amidst the chaos of these events, scientists such as Francis Bacon, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei made crucial scientific discoveries while poets and playwrights such as Shakespeare and Ben Jonson wrote powerful and often satirical works. Beginning in 1603 with the rise of King James I and ending in economic depression and a bubonic plague outbreak in 1625, the Jacobean Age embodied literary style similar to that of the Elizabethan Age, but was far less prosperous overall.

Poem:

__Song: To Celia by Ben Jonson__ Drink to me only with thine eyes, And I will pledge with mine; Or leave a kiss but in the cup, And I'll not look for wine. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine; But might I of Jove's nectar sup, I would not change for thine. I sent thee late a rosy wreath, Not so much honoring thee As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be; But thou thereon didst only breathe And sent'st it back to me; Since when it grows, and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee!

Summary of Critical Article:

During the seventeenth century, Ben Jonson rose as a predominant playwright who has come to be almost as reputable as William Shakespeare. As his greatly adored poem, “Song: To Celia” was soon put into musical form and played as a popular song in public houses. Ben Jonson became one of the court’s most renowned members as he was appointed poet laureate of England the same year he published this poem. As can be seen in his “most admired” poem, “Song: To Celia,” Jonson demonstrates his ability to delicately compose a perfect poem to precisely express his intent in writing the poem. Ben Jonson’s “Song: To Celia” reveals his adept ability to efficiently make his point and create an exact balance of Greek harmony and “lucid” singing lines.

"Explanation Of: "Song: To Celia" by Ben Jonson." //LitFinder//. Gale. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. []
 * Gale Document Number:** GALE|LTF0000000761CE

Works Cited "Elizabethan and Jacobean Eras Similiarities and Differences." //Elizabethan Era England Life//. Elizabethan Era England Life. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . "Explanation Of: "Song: To Celia" by Ben Jonson." //LitFinder//. Gale. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. "Jacobean Era." //Newworldencyclopedia.org//. New World Encyclopedia, 28 July 2008. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Jonson, Ben. "Song: To Celia." //Household Book of Poetry//. Appelton and, 1882. //LitFinder//. Web. 2 Apr. 2012.

Caroline Age

=__Commonwealth Period__=

Description of the Time Period:

The Commonwealth period was between the years 1649 and 1660. Commonwealth Period extended from the end of the Civil War and the execution of Charles I in 1649 to the restoration of the Stuart monarchy under Charles II in 1600. Dramas disappeared after the puritans closed the public theaters in 1642, not only on moral and religious grounds, but also to prevent public gatherings and assemblies that might create civil disorder. The Puritan’s emphasized a simple life and civil disorder was against their core beliefs. They also condemned the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. The Bible was to become the one book approved by the Puritans for the people The Puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art, yet this hard, stern sect produced a great poets such as John Milton and John Bunyan. . It was the age that also produced Milton's political pamphlets,Hobbes's political treatise //Leviathan (1651)// and other writers like Sir Thomas Browne, Abraham Cowley and Andrew Marvell.

Poem from the Time Period:

by Andrew Marvell
 * //To his Coy Mistress//**

Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. We would sit down and think which way To walk, and pass our long love's day; Thou by the Indian Ganges' side Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the Flood; And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews. My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow. An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest; An age at least to every part, And the last age should show your heart. For, lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate.

But at my back I always hear Time's winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie Deserts of vast eternity. Thy beauty shall no more be found, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound My echoing song; then worms shall try That long preserv'd virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust. The grave's a fine and private place, But none I think do there embrace.

Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew, And while thy willing soul transpires At every pore with instant fires, Now let us sport us while we may; And now, like am'rous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour, Than languish in his slow-chapp'd power. Let us roll all our strength, and all Our sweetness, up into one ball; And tear our pleasures with rough strife Thorough the iron gates of life. Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run.

Critical Article: During a time of religious and monarchial upset, Marvell was on the side of the side of the anti-royalist. It is shown through “To His Coy Mistress” that the speaker is against the monarch, specifically through lines 1-20. The speaker employs “Petrarchan” diction, excessive and hyperbolic reverence to a woman written about by the Italian poet Petrarch. This was used to extract from readers the words of several 16th century poets who praised Elizabeth I. The speaker suggests that such promises of devotion are inappropriate in a world that is governed by “Time’s winged chariot,” and not a monarch. The shift occurs at line 21, where the speaker changes from immoral to all about time and death. Marvell’s intention is to suggest at a sympathetic powerless subject. The overall point is for the speaker to establish a dangerous and thus alluding to the political moment.
 * Andrew Marvell’s “To His Coy Mistress”: A New Historicist Reading Summary **

http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/virtualit/poetry/critical_define/newhistessay.pdf Wald, Margaret. "To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell." //VirtualLit//. Bedford St. Martins. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .

Sources:

Introduction Wald, Margaret. "To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell." //VirtualLit//. Bedford St. Martins. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .

"The Literature of the Commonwealth and the Restoration." //English// //Literature I.// Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .

Patel, Rakesh. "English Literature." //Squidoo//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.squidoo.com/englishliterature>.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #555555; font-family: Arial; font-size: 24px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Commonwealth Period (1649-1660)
**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #555555; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Commonwealth Period extended from the end of the Civil War and the excursion Charles I in 1649 to the restoration of the Stuart monarchy under Charles II in 1600. Dramas disappeared for almost eighteen years after the puritans closed the public theaters in September 1642, not only on moral and religious grounds, but also to prevent public gatherings and assemblies that might create civil disorder. It was the age of Milton's political pamphlets, of Hobbes's political treatise Leviathan (1651) of the prose writers like Sir Thomas Browne, Abraham Cowley and Andrew Marvell. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.squidoo.com/englishliterature#module11214546__] **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">THE CORONET **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">by Andrew Marvell **

http://bedlamreconsidered.blogspot.com/2008/11/andrew-marvell-coronet.html < (critical article) This article breaks down the poem into smaller subsections, and then analyzes why the poet chooses some of the language he does. Also it compares this poem to //On a Drop of Dew.// This poem is one of Marvell's most serious, and it talks about sinners and the faithful. It makes many references to the Bible, and the article just analyzes his choice of diction and syntax to make the poem have more of a meaning than just seen the first time reading. ** Works Cited: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">WHEN for the thorns with which I long, too long, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With many a piercing wound, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">My Saviour's head have crowned, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I seek with garlands to redress that wrong,— **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Through every garden, every mead, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I gather flowers (my fruits are only flowers), **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dismantling all the fragrant towers **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">That once adorned my shepherdess's head : **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And now, when I have summed up all my store, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thinking (so I my self deceive) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">So rich a chaplet thence to weave **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As never yet the King of Glory wore, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alas ! I find the Serpent old, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">That, twining in his speckled breast, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">About the flowers disguised, does fold **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With wreaths of fame and interest. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ah, foolish man, that wouldst debase with them, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And mortal glory, Heaven's diadem ! **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But thou who only couldst the Serpent tame, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Either his slippery knots at once untie, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And disentangle all his winding snare, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Or shatter too with him my curious frame, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And let these wither—so that he may die— **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Though set with skill, and chosen out with care ; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">That they, while thou on both their spoils dost tread, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0f0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">May crown Thy feet, that could not crown Thy head. **


 * Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. Literature for Composition: Reading and Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. Print. **


 * "Bedlam Reconsidered." : Andrew Marvell- The Coronet:. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. < __http://bedlamreconsidered.blogspot.com/2008/11/andrew-marvell-coronet.html>.__ **


 * "Crossref-it.info - AS/A2 English Literature Study Guides - Texts in Context." The Coronet from Crossref-it.info. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. < __http://m.crossref-it.info/textguide/Metaphysical-Poetry/4/277>.__ **


 * "The Coronet Analysis." Andrew Marvell : Summary Explanation Meaning Overview Essay Writing Critique Peer Review Literary Criticism Synopsis Online Education. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. < __http://www.eliteskills.com/analysis_poetry/The_Coronet_by_Andrew_Marvell_analysis.php>.__ **


 * "English Literature." Squidoo. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.squidoo.com/englishliterature>. **

Kate's Essay
 * Marvell, Andrew, and Nigel Smith. The Poems of Andrew Marvell. London [u.a.: Pearson Longman, 2003. Print. **